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- Luc Montagnier
- and Robert Gallo
- are credited with
- discovering the
- human immuno-
- deficiency virus
- (HIV) in 1983, and
- targeting it as
- a cause of AIDS
- By attacking the
- T-cells, the virus
- (here seen explo-
- ding out of a cell)
- breaks down the
- immune system.
- AIDS victims die
- because they
- cannot fight
- off diseases
- #
- Montagnier and
- Gallo discovered
- HIV simultan-
- eously, but by
- different routes.
- At first they
- thought their
- viruses were
- different, but
- each believed
- his was linked
- with AIDS. In
- 1984, it was
- established they
- had found the
- same virus, and
- each claimed to
- be first. A long
- battle began
- #
- After seven years
- the bitter conflict
- between Robert
- Gallo (right) and
- Luc Montagnier
- had still not been
- resolved. Evidence
- suggested that the
- Frenchman had got
- there first, but
- many believed
- Gallo's research
- threw a more
- useful light on
- the pathology of
- the AIDS virus
- #
- The HIV virus is
- enclosed within a
- golfball membrane.
- Its spikes attach
- it to susceptible
- cells in the body.
- It then releases
- the virus, stored
- in two strands of
- genetic material
- inside. This gene
- information can
- invade a human
- cell. DNA copies
- are made, and the
- cell becomes a
- HIV factory which
- infects new cells
- #
- Montagnier
- published the
- view that the
- virus might have
- its origins in
- African monkeys,
- and be endemic
- in African
- peoples. He also
- revealed the
- existence of a
- second virus,
- HIV-2, and he
- suggested that
- there could be
- many as yet
- undetected
- variations
- #
- By the Nineties
- drug and
- biotechnology
- companies were
- working on a
- drug treatment
- for AIDS. Then
- came a bombshell
- from Montagnier.
- He now doubted
- that AIDS was
- always caused by
- HIV. There had
- been mounting
- evidence that
- some HIV-
- positive people
- never developed
- the full-blown
- disease
- #
- Luc Montagnier
- caused further
- controversy by
- suggesting that
- current lines of
- research were
- wrong because
- they were aimed
- at HIV-1 and not
- other strains. The
- work was still
- useful, he said;
- but he added that
- we will have to
- "live with the
- virus for a very
- long time"
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